The Minister shall have the general control and administration of the Defence Force, and the powers vested in the Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Navy, the Chief of Army and the Chief of Air Force by virtue of section 9, and the powers vested jointly in the Secretary and the Chief of the Defence Force by virtue of section 9A, shall be exercised subject to and in accordance with any directions of the Minister. Section 8 of the Defence Act 1903 states: The Minister for Defence and several subordinate ministers exercise this control through the Australian Defence Organisation. In practice, however, the Governor-General does not play an active part in the Australian Defence Force’s command structure, and the democratically accountable Australian Cabinet (chaired by the Prime Minister) de facto controls the ADF. The command in chief of the naval and military forces of the Commonwealth is vested in the Governor-General as the Queen’s representative. Under chapter II of section 68 titled Command of the naval and military forces, the Constitution of Australia states that: and Vazgen Sargsyan, the two-time defence minister of Armenia and prime minister in the 1990s. Notable Armenians to have held the title include Garegin Nzhdeh, the supreme commander of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia. Since its introduction in the 2nd century BC, it is often used today to describe famous and high-ranking military officials. The hereditary title and rank of Sparapet’ (Armenian: սպարապետ) was a used to describe the supreme commander of the military forces of ancient and medieval Armenia. The prime minister of Armenia holds the title of Supreme Commander in Chief of the Armenian Armed Forces (Armenian: Հայաստանի Զինված ուժերի գերագույն հրամանատար). The Ministry of Defence is the government department that assists and serves the president in the management of the armed forces (Army, Navy and Air Force). It also states that the president is entitled to provide military posts in the granting of the jobs or grades of senior officers of the armed forces, and by itself on the battlefield runs with its organization and distribution according to needs of the Nation and declares war and orders reprisals with the consent and approval of the Argentine National Congress. Under part II, chapter III, article 99, subsections 12, 13, 14 and 15, the Constitution of Argentina states that the president of the Argentine Nation is the “Commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the Nation”. Mostly ceremonial heads of state (constitutional monarchs, viceroys and presidents in parliamentary republics) with residual substantive reserve powers over the armed forces, acting under normal circumstances on the constitutional advice of chief executives with the political mandate to undertake discretionary decision-making.Īccording to the Constitution of Albania, the president of the Republic of Albania is the commander-in-chief of Albanian Armed Forces.Are chief executives with the political mandate to undertake discretionary decision-making, including command of the armed forces.The term is also used for officers who hold authority over an individual military branch, special branch or within a theatre of operations. The term is also used for military officers who hold such power and authority, not always through dictatorship, and as a subordinate (usually) to a head of state (see Generalissimo). Governors-general and colonial governors are also often appointed commander-in-chief of the military forces within their territory.Ī commander-in-chief is sometimes referred to as supreme commander, which is sometimes used as a specific term. In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is ultimately dependent upon the will of the legislature although the legislature does not issue orders directly to the armed forces and therefore does not control the military in any operational sense. A nation’s head of state (monarchical or republican) usually holds the nominal position of commander-in-chief, even if effective executive power is held by a separate head of government. It continued to be used during the English Civil War. In English use, the term first applied to King Charles I of England in 1639. The formal role and title of a ruler commanding the armed forces derives from Imperator of the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, who possessed imperium (command and other regal) powers. A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over armed forces or a military branch.Īs a technical term, it refers to military competencies that reside in a country’s executive leadership, a head of state or a head of government.
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